Exploring the Rich Biodiversity of Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary
Exploring the Rich Biodiversity of Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary
Located in the heart of Kerala’s Western Ghats, Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary is a celebrated haven for wildlife lovers, eco-tourists, and photographers. Spread over 925 sq. km, this protected area is home to a stunning variety of flora and fauna, making it one of the most biodiverse regions in India. Nestled near Thekkady, this sanctuary offers not just scenic beauty but also immersive experiences through safaris, nature walks, and boating.
Whether you are a wildlife enthusiast, a birdwatcher, or simply someone looking for an escape into nature, Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary has something unforgettable for every traveler.
Why Visit Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary?
Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary is renowned not just for its wildlife but also for its eco-tourism initiatives, pristine forest landscapes, and the famous Periyar Lake. It’s one of the best places to experience biodiversity in its natural form. The sanctuary is a part of Project Tiger and is one of the few reserves in India where tigers and elephants coexist with many other species.
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1. A Biodiversity Hotspot in the Western Ghats
Designated as a tiger reserve in 1978, Periyar is one of the most protected forest areas in South India. It’s home to over 60 species of mammals, 260+ species of birds, and nearly 200 species of butterflies. You may even spot rare and endangered species like the Nilgiri langur, lion-tailed macaque, and the Malabar civet.
Highlight Species:
- Bengal Tigers (elusive but present)
- Indian Elephants
- Nilgiri Tahr
- Sambar Deer
- Gaur (Indian Bison)
- Great Hornbill
- Malabar Grey Hornbill
The sanctuary’s dense forests, grassy meadows, and freshwater lakes create the perfect habitat for thriving biodiversity.
2. Periyar Lake – A Unique Safari Experience
At the heart of the sanctuary lies Periyar Lake, a man-made reservoir formed by the Mullaperiyar Dam. The lake enhances the park’s charm and offers a unique way to experience wildlife—by boat.
Boat Safari in Periyar Lake is one of the most popular attractions. These 90-minute cruises take you through the calm waters, offering the chance to see elephants bathing, herds of deer grazing, and birds diving for fish—all from the comfort of your boat.
Best time for a boat safari: Early morning or late afternoon.
Photography Tip: Use a telephoto lens and a steady hand to capture moments of wildlife from the boat.
3. Eco-Tourism Activities for the Conscious Traveler
Periyar stands out for its eco-tourism programs managed by the Forest Department in partnership with local communities. These activities promote sustainable tourism and allow visitors to connect with nature deeply.
Popular Activities Include:
- Nature Walks: Guided treks with forest guards through lush forest trails.
- Bamboo Rafting: A mix of trekking and rafting for spotting wildlife and birds along the riverbanks.
- Border Hiking: A full-day, high-energy trek along the boundary of the sanctuary.
- Jungle Patrol: Night treks for the adventurous, accompanied by tribal guards.
These tours are informative, interactive, and give you a real feel of jungle life while supporting local livelihoods.
4. Bird Watching in Periyar – A Birder’s Dream
Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary is a hotspot for bird watchers. The dense vegetation, varying altitudes, and the presence of water bodies make it a thriving habitat for over 260 bird species.
Birds to Spot:
- Malabar Trogon
- Great Indian Hornbill
- White-bellied Treepie
- Black Baza
- Nilgiri Flycatcher
- Drongos and Sunbirds
Best time for bird watching: October to April, when migratory birds are also present.
Whether you’re a seasoned birder or a curious traveler, the sights and sounds of birds in Periyar will leave you mesmerized.
5. Best Time to Visit Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary
While the sanctuary is open year-round, the best time to visit depends on what you’re looking for:
- Wildlife Viewing: March to June (dry season, animals come near water sources)
- Bird Watching & Pleasant Weather: October to February
- Eco-tourism Activities: November to May
Avoid visiting during heavy monsoons (July to September), as some activities may be suspended due to rain.
6. How to Reach Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary
- By Air: The nearest airport is Madurai (140 km) and Cochin International Airport (190 km).
- By Train: Kottayam (114 km) is the nearest major railway station.
- By Road: Thekkady is well-connected by road to major cities like Kochi, Madurai, and Kottayam. Private taxis and buses are available regularly.
7. Where to Stay: Eco-Resorts and Forest Lodges
Periyar offers a range of accommodation—from budget stays to luxury eco-resorts. Many hotels also offer birdwatching tours, spice plantation walks, and Ayurvedic treatments.
8. Travel Tips for First-Time Visitors
- Book boat safaris and eco-tourism activities in advance.
- Carry binoculars, comfortable walking shoes, and insect repellent.
- Respect wildlife and avoid loud noises or littering.
- Hire a local guide for the best experience and insights.
- Try local cuisine in Thekkady town, especially Kerala-style fish curry and appam.
Final Thoughts: Periyar – More Than Just a Wildlife Destination
Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary is more than a tourist spot—it’s a living, breathing ecosystem that represents the soul of Kerala’s natural heritage. Whether you’re floating on a tranquil lake, listening to the distant call of a hornbill, or trekking deep into the forest, Periyar offers experiences that stay with you long after you’ve returned home.
For those passionate about nature, photography, and sustainability, Periyar is a destination that continues to inspire and amaze.
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